Spotlight: the Amazon Puffer (C. asellus) in the wild and in the aquarium
08 May, 2020

The Amazon Puffer (Colomesus asellus) is the only purely freshwater pufferfish species found in South America.
Although there are a number of marine fish families that have evolved to live in brackish and freshwater environments worldwide, few hold such interest in the aquarium hobby as the freshwater pufferfish (family Tetraodontidae). A number of purely freshwater species of pufferfish can be found throughout tropical Asia and Africa, but interestingly enough only one freshwater puffer is found in South America – the Amazon or South American Puffer, Colomesus asellus. This fish, a popular aquarium species due to its small adult size and active schooling behavior, is found from the mouth of the Amazon in Eastern Brazil to the upper reaches of the river along with certain tributaries such as the Tapajos, Japura, and Napo.

Murky, white water stretches of river are the preffered habitat of this shoaling species
Known to locals throughout most of their range as “pez globo”, this colorful fish lives in open water habitat typically around sandy shallows. These areas are usually white water, meaning sediment-rich, murky water stretches of the river rich with the crustacean and mollusk life that the Amazon Puffers feed on, using their sharp and fast-growing beaks to chew through the tough shells of their prey. In some parts of their range they can also be found in clear water areas as well, although it is a less common occurrence.

Vast sandy stretches of the Amazon known as playas are where the Amazon Puffer is collected for the aquarium trade
The Amazon Puffer is a popular species in the hobby but a sporadic and somewhat uncommon import due largely to seasonal changes in its wild habitat and the challenges associated with collecting them. The vast sandy shallows where they are found in large shoals only exist for part of the year, being inundated during the annual floods when the river rises and floods the surrounding forests.
Several years ago during a long trip through the Amazon Basin, I got to collect this fascinating species in the Tres Fronteras region of the Amazon along the shared borders of Colombia, Peru, and Brazil. When conditions are good, and water levels low, collecting these fish is relatively simple, accomplished by pulling a long seine net up to the sandy shore. A good pull can easily turn up several dozen puffers, along with an assortment of sand-dwelling Loricariids, medium-sized Pimelodids, and thousands of tiny freshwater shrimp which likely make up a large part of the puffers’ diet in the wild.
In the aquarium, this fish is relatively simple to care for but does require a tank designed with their needs in mind. They are most comfortable in groups, ideally 6 or more, and given their constant activity should be given plenty of open swimming space and appreciate at least moderate current. Unlike many freshwater puffers, they are not typically aggressive toward tankmates and will do well in a mixed-species tank. This species is known for having a very fast-growing beak and requires frequent feedings of hard-shelled food items or regular beak “trims” in captivity. The aquarium specimens photographed here are from a recent Colombia import I brought in for Aqua Imports in Boulder CO and were collected in the same parts of the Colombian Amazon pictured above.
Related Terms:
Related Posts
-
AMAZONAS Magazine "BOISTEROUS BARBS” Inside Look!
-
AMAZONAS Magazine "AFRICAN ADVENTURES: East and West” Inside Look!
-
PIJAC ALERT: Delta's Live Animal Cargo Policy Changes
-
Project Piaba Completes 2017 Fisher Trainings and Announces Award Nomination
-
VIDEO: Ted Judy’s 2016 Colombia Expedition, Ep. 6
-
VIDEO: Ted Judy’s 2016 Colombia Expedition, Ep. 5
-
VIDEO: Ted Judy's 2016 Colombia Expedition, Ep. 2
-
VIDEO: Ted Judy's 2016 Colombia Expedition, Ep. 1
-
Project Piaba Holds First Training Workshop in Manaus
-
XINGU Rising
About the author
2 Comments
-
May 22, 2020
I have a herd of these little devils. They all come with parasites start treating day one. They ate 150 apples snails in a year. Slow growing mine are about 3”and have an increasingly blocky head. Small freshwater clams will also help to wear their beaks. Great (people)social fish for its size and fine with other non-aggregate tank mates. Although they might be eaten if they’re crunchy.
-
May 26, 2020
Have you had issue with them becoming obsessed with their reflection in glass?